This repository contains maps of the thickness of late glacial and Holocene deposits in the Danish sea area, prepared as a basis for planning offshore wind. These are unconsolidated sediments that have not been overrun by the ice sheets of the ice ages, and therefore may have low geotechnical strength parameters. This is a large-scale and very general mapping, and no detailed interpretation of the distribution of sand and clay/mud/silt, respectively, has been made. In relation to the foundations of offshore wind turbines, sandy deposits will typically not pose a challenge, while soft deposits of clay, mud and silt in large thicknesses are assumed to pose foundation challenges. In addition to separate maps of the thickness of late glacial and Holocene deposits, a map of the total thickness of these two units has also been prepared, which thus constitutes a map of the total thickness of potentially soft sediments. Finally, the thickness of potentially soft sediments is used to divide the Danish sea area into categories in relation to the probability of larger thicknesses of soft sediments that could give rise to foundation challenges. Other maps are the thickness of potentially soft glacial lake sediments in the North Sea, the depth to the Pre-Quaternary surface in the waters around Bornholm, as well as the depth to the base of the Holocene deposits and the depth to the base of the late glacial deposits/top of the glacial deposits in the Danish sea area. As a supplement to the maps, a number of themes show where the late glacial and Holocene deposits are primarily expected to consist of sandy sediments. In addition, a number of themes show the Danish exclusive economic zone (EEZ), the location of conceptual geological models that can be seen in the overall report, all interpreted seismic lines, areas with near-surface gas in the sediments, interpreted distribution of the Palaeo-Elbe Valley in the North Sea, distribution of the Weichsel ice and ice-affected sediments in the North Sea, buried valleys (Prins & Andresen 2019; van der Vegt et al. 2012; Ottesen et al. 2020; Kirkham et al. 2024; Sandersen & Jørgensen 2016), structural elements (Al Hseinat & Hübscher 2017; Jensen et al. 2002), ice margin lines (Lange 1984; Kjær et al. 2003; Pedersen 2005; Phillips et al. 2018, 2022; Kirkham et al. 2024; Szuman et al. 2024; Pedersen & Boldreel 2017). The data basis for the work has primarily been new and existing near-surface seismic data and vibrocore drilling. The mapping was carried out for the Danish Energy Agency by GEUS, and is intended to support the development of offshore wind. The results, together with a sensitivity mapping of natural and environmental parameters, initiated by the Danish Energy Agency, are to be included in an overall assessment of suitable areas for offshore wind in Denmark. The documentation includes appendices: Better geological data for developing offshore wind - Overall geological mapping of the Danish sea area for the Danish Energy Agency. Appendix report. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Report 2025/29. Vangkilde-Pedersen, T., Christensen, N., Nørgaard-Pedersen, N., Allaart, L., Bennike, O., Leth, J.O., Winther, L.H., Sandersen, P.B.E., Prins, L.T., Singhroha, S. & Pérez, L.F. 2025. Better geological data for developing offshore wind. Overall geological mapping of the Danish sea area for the Danish Energy Agency. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Report 2025/29. Prins, L.T. & Andresen, K.J. 2019: Buried late Quaternary channel systems in the Danish North Sea – genesis and geological evolution. Quaternary Science Reviews 223, 105943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105943 van der Vegt, P., Janszen, A. & Moscariello, A. 2012: Tunnel valleys: Current knowledge and future perspectives. In: Huuse, M., Redfern, J., Le Heron, D.P., Dixon, R., Moscariello, A. & Craig, J. (eds): Glaciogenic reservoirs and hydrocarbon systems. Geological Society, Special Publications, London 368, 75–97. https://doi.org/10.1144/sp368.13 Ottesen, D., Stewart, M., Brönner, M. & Batchelor, C.L. 2020: Tunnel valleys of the central and northern North Sea (56◦N to 62◦N): distribution and characteristics. Marine Geology 425, 106199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106199 Kirkham, J.D., Hogan, K.A., Larter, R.D., Self, E., Games, K., Huuse, M., Stewart, M.A., Ottesen, D., Le Heron, D.P., Lawrence, A., Kane, I., Arnold, N.S. & Dowdeswell, J.A. 2024: The infill of tunnel valleys in the central North Sea: Implications for sedimentary processes, geohazards, and ice-sheet dynamics. Marine Geology 467, 107185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2023.107185 Sandersen, P.B.E. & Jørgensen, F. 2016: Kortlægning af begravede dale i Danmark. Opdatering 2015. GEUS Særudgave, december 2016, bind 1 og 2. https://www.begravededale.dk/PDF_2015/091116_Rapport_Begravede_dale_BIND_1_Endelig_udgave_Low_res.pdf Al Hseinat, M. & Hubscher, C. 2017: Late Cretaceous to recent tectonic evolution of the north German Basin and the transition zone to the Baltic Shield/Southwest Baltic Sea. Tectonophysics 708, 28–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.04.021 Jensen, J.B. & Bennike, O. 2022: Geological Screening of Kriegers Flak North and South. Geological seabed screening in relation to possible location of windfarm areas. GEUS Rapport 2022/2. https://doi.org/10.22008/gpub/34637 Lange, D., 1984: Geologische Untersuchungen an spätglazialen und holozänen Sedimenten der Lübecker und Mecklenburger Bucht. Unveröffentlichte Dissertation (B), Institut für Meereskunde Warnemünde, 166 S. Kjær, K.H., Houmark-Nielsen, M., Richardt, N. 2003: Ice-flow patterns and dispersal of erratics at the southwestern margin of the last Scandinavian ice sheet: signature of palaeo-ice streams. Boreas 32: 130–148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2003.tb01434.x Pedersen, S.A.S. 2005: Structural analysis of the Rubjerg Knude Glaciotectonic Complex, Vendsyssel, northern Denmark. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 8, 192 pp. https://doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v8.5253 Phillips, E., Cotterill, C., Johnson, K., Crombie, K., James, L., Carr, S. & Ruiter, A. 2018: Large-scale glacitectonic deformation in response to active ice sheet retreat across Dogger Bank (southern central North Sea) during the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews 179, 24-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.001 Phillips, E., Johnson, K., Ellen, R., Plenderleith, G., Dove, D., Carter, G., Dakin, N. & Cotterill, C. 2022: Glacitectonic evidence of ice sheet interaction and retreat across the western part of Dogger Bank (North Sea) during the Last Glaciation. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 133, 87-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2021.11.005 Szuman, I., Kalita, J. Z., Diemont, C. R., Livingstone, S. J., Clark, C. D., and Margold, M. 2024: Reconstructing dynamics of the Baltic Ice Stream Complex during deglaciation of the Last Scandinavian Ice Sheet, The Cryosphere, 18, 2407–2428. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2407-2024. Pedersen, S.A.S. & Boldreel, L.O. 2017: Glaciotectonic deformations in the Jammerbugt and glaciodynamic development in the eastern North Sea. Journal of Quaternary Science 32, 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2887

The Raw stream sediment samples dataset is data as they have been delivered from the laboratories, i.e. values below detection limit often spelled as negative but zero may also apply. The data are not controlled by a geologist. In addition, they may not have been reported.

All active exploitation licences. The data are converted from the WFS that th ministery of mineral resources (MMR) in Greenland provides. Links are provided in the online resources

The National well database (Jupiter) among other things contains water level measurements from Danish wells. The database contains water level measurements from the municipalities, the groundwater-monitoring program, the regions soil pollution investigations and from the establishment of new wells. The database is updated on an ongoing basis.

Dataset containing standard polygons for regions of Greenland and specific hand-drawn polygons representing the areas where the study was conducted that is described in the publication. Data can be filtered for publication title, authors, year of publication and the list of attributes contains other reference information including a link to the publication. The publications include GEUS Bulletin (2020 - ), Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin (2004 - 2019), Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin (1997 - 2002), Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse (1948 – 1996) , Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport, Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse (1964 – 1996), Open File Series Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, Mima rapport, Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Geological Map Descriptions and Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Map Series.

The digital geological map shows the surface geology. The map is a result of the systematic geological mapping of Denmark. The map is digitized from maps originating from fieldwork, where sediment samples are collected at 1m depth using a hand auger with a sample spacing of 100 - 200 m. This version 6 from 2021 classifies 91 % of Denmark's area. The map is supplemented in an ongoing process. The legend shows 82 different sediment types. The map is published in GEUS report 2021/68, where further information is available in Danish.

Greenland mineral assessment workshops have been held on Sedimentary-hosted Copper, type: redbed-, revett- and reduced-facies type in 2009, Various Rare Earth Elements deposit types in 2010 (this workshop was not carried out according to the 'three-part quantitative assessment' method), Sedimentary-hosted zinc SEDEX- and MVT-type in 2011, Magmatic nickel; komatiite-hosted, contact- and conduit-type in 2012 and Vein- and skarn type Tungsten in 2013 and Orogenic gold type in 2014. Most of the workshops, besides the one on rare earth elements, have been following the processes and methodologies used in the 'three-part quantitative assessment' method of the U.S. Geological Survey described by Singer (1993). The method does not define deposits or provide mineral resource or reserve estimates according to industrial or international recognised certified standards. The objective is to produce a probabilistic estimate of unknown/undiscovered deposits and corresponding probabilistic estimates of the total amount of metals down to one kilometre depth. The estimates do not take into account economic, technical, social or environmental factors. In the 'three-part quantitative assessment' method, an expert panel reviewed and discussed all available knowledge and data for a specific region (Tract) to assess the possibility of finding new undiscovered deposits within this Tract. The expert panels consisted of geologists from universities, research institutions, Surveys as well as private exploration and mining companies. The experts have either expertise in/worked with the deposit type in focus, with the regional and/or local geology relevant for the tracts being assessed or have expertise from exploration/mining projects for the deposit type in focus elsewhere in the world. One or two international top-experts on the mineral deposit type in focus for the different workshops have also participated in the workshop. After reviewing the available knowledge and data the members of the panel made their individual estimates (bids) of the number of undiscovered deposits they believed could be found under the best circumstances in a tract. The bids are based on the characteristics derived from descriptive mineral deposit models and a number of key-literature on the mineralisation type. In several of the workshops, critical elements have also been considered in the mineralising system (e.g. McCuaig & Hronsky 2014) associated with the deposit type in focus, when carrying out the bids. A panel discussion of the bids led to a consensus bid, which was used as input to a statistical Monte Carlo simulation. Based on established grade-/tonnage models of e.g. known tungsten deposits worldwide, this simulation can provide a prediction on how much undiscovered metals could be found within a Tract. The 'Tracts' are spatial polygons that define a certain area that was found to be permissive for the concerned mineral deposit type and which constitutes the same level of geology, knowledge and data coverage. Tracts are named with a unique name, tract area is given in square kilometre and consensus bids from team under N90, N50, N10, N05 and N01 headings of undiscovered metals deposits at different confidence levels. The statistics from the Monte Carlo simulation is shown under the headings Numbers of unknown deposits and Deposit density.

The geophysical data available on the Greenland Mineral Resources Portal are both released company data and data acquired based on public funding (AEM and Aeromag surveys). The AEM Greenland 1994-1998 project, encompassed high resolution detailed multi-parameter surveys (electromagnetic, magnetic and partly radiometric) in the years 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 survey 1 and survey 2 producing a total of 75 000 line kilometres. The Aeromag projects, encompassed high resolution magnetic surveys conducted in 1992, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2012 and 2013 producing a total of more than 550 000 line kilometres. The projects were financed by the governments of Greenland and Denmark. More detailed information on the available geophysical date is given in Geology and Ore No. 22.

Intrusions and magmatic complexes are central, when it comes to an assessment of the economic geological potential of a region. There are many of these in Greenland, and only a few of them have been examined in detail for their economic potential. In Nielsen (2002), tertiary intrusions and complexes in East Greenland were described, and later on information on intrusions and magmatic complexes in all of Greenland, were modelled based on the same methodology. The information has been compiled by GEUS geologists.

The place names data set is from the book 'Northern East Greenland's research history and place names' by A.K. Higgins, which GEUS published in 2010, with associated maps which have now been converted to web GIS format. Via free text search, you can find the place names with their explanations and their location on the map.